What does "standardization" refer to in the context of Scientific Management?

In the context of Scientific Management, "standardization" refers to the establishment of uniform procedures and norms for consistency, which is essential for increasing efficiency and reducing variability in work processes. This idea stems from Frederick Taylor's principles, which emphasize that by developing standardized methods for performing tasks, organizations can enhance productivity and ensure that every worker is following the same best practices.

Standardization allows organizations to train employees efficiently, minimize errors, and create predictable outcomes in production. This practice ensures that all workers understand and implement their tasks in a uniform manner, leading to more efficient operations and ultimately contributing to increased profitability.

The other options do not align with the principles of Scientific Management. For instance, varying procedures would contradict the notion of uniformity that standardization embodies. Improving individual discretion runs counter to the focus on established methods that typical Scientific Management promotes. Lastly, customizing work plans for each employee contradicts the standardization principle since it would introduce variations and diminish the efficiencies gained through uniform procedures.